fencing us in (day 19 and 20)
When I first moved to New Brunswick, rail fences could be seen almost everywhere in rural areas. The design was simple – stacks of very long cedar logs in a zigzag without posts at the junction. The logs were piled from 3 to 4 high and were very weathered. These fences used cedar in the construction because of its natural ability to withstand rot.
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As the years go by, these fences have gradually disappeared from the landscape. Part of this is because the fences eventually deteriorate. Also, people salvage the rails for landscaping and other projects.
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8-19 February 25, 2014 30 minutes (Petit-Rocher-Nord to Petit-Rocher)
8-20 February 27, 2014 30 minutes (Petit-Rocher to Petit-Rocher-Sud)
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Although I haven’t seen the zigzag style of rail fence on my virtual bike trip along the northern New Brunswick coast, I have seen other rail fence designs. These fences are also built of cedar, but the rails are supported at the junctions by short lengths of cedar …
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or on a sort of ladder, consisting of two posts and cross-members …
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When I was younger, sitting on a fence like any of these was on my list of favorite things to do. Today, our property is fenced with a zigzag style cedar rail fence, built by my husband who is proud to say not a nail is used in the construction …
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I wonder if there are nails used in this rail fence …
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Copyright 2014 Jane Tims
harvesting colour – the chemistry of colour
I have done a lot of reading this week, mostly to brush up on some basic chemistry in preparation for my project on using plant dyes.
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It took me a couple of years in university to discover that chemistry was not my forté. I loved the mathematics of first year inorganic chemistry but I met my match with organic chemistry in my second year. I came to the conclusion that chess, music theory and organic chemistry have something in common … Jane cannot win a chess match against a cat. Jane cannot transpose music. And Jane cannot figure out elimination and substitution reactions in organic chemistry. I did try.
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In spite of my theoretical difficulties, I loved the labs in chemistry. Creating little quantities of limonene and caffeine and aspirin was fun. And I loved the visuals of the chemistry lab – the colours of the various chemicals, the architecture of the glassware and the various drips and sizzles and, occasionally, puffs of smoke.
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My first introduction to chemistry lab was a simple titration demonstration, showing a way to use the colour of an indicator to determine an unknown concentration. It seemed magic as I swirled the flask and watched for the solution to change its colour from clear to pink. I saw the parallels to botany right away. Today, I never look at a shrub of Hydrangea without thinking about the connection between the colour of the flowers and the acidity of the soil. Alkaline soils promote pink flowers. Increased acidity makes more aluminum available to the plant and the flowers turn blue as the aluminum associates with the plant pigment anthocyanin. These are the kinds of interactions I expect to see in my dyeing projects.
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And so, here is my first offering of poetry in the theme of ‘harvesting colour’. It is not about dyeing fabric, but explores the idea of colour change as a metaphor for trying to understand human emotion.
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titration
– to determine the concentration of an unknown solution, we watch for change
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all summer she sits, the sag of a meniscus
on the stair of the veranda, tucked,
at the start-point of the burette,
into stems of hydrangea
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mopheads droop and rain adjusts
the soil, basic to acidic, drop by drop
pink petals turn violet
first titration always an estimate
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as the corymb favours blue, we realise –
basic words and helpful anecdotes will not be
enough, the situation is complex, not merely a matter
of pH, but the interaction, aluminum with anthocyanin
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titration demands a practiced hand, a careful
eye to mark the end-point when colour prevails
and makes sad chemistry, on the last day of August
when hydrangea succumbs to blue
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Copyright 2014 Jane Tims
apple pie, no apples
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apple pie, no apples
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fooled a lot of people –
aunts with PhDs
friends from school
my father
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now I lift the crust
from every slice of apple pie
look for evidence –
pin-holes, punched by a machine
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the recipe, simple as substitution
pie crust
sugar
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a shot of lemon, flour to thicken
cream of tartar (to fool taste buds)
a generous dusting
of cinnamon
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and
a stack of soda crackers
snapped in two (hand-broken facsimile
of apple)
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no one ever seemed to notice
the pin-holes, punched by a machine
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Published as ‘apple pie, no apples’, Canadian Stories 17 (95), February/March 2014
For a recipe for Mock Apple Pie, see https://nichepoetryandprose.wordpress.com/2012/08/06/growing-and-gathering-learning/
Copyright 2014 Jane Tims
flags all flying (day 17 and 18)
During my virtual travelling along the north shore of New Brunswick I often see flags flying, representing the esteem of people for their country and their heritage …
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8-17 February 21, 2014 30 minutes (Belledune to Devereau)
8-18 February 25, 2014 35 minutes (Devereau to Petit-Rocher-Nord)
(I also took a quick sidetrip on the highway south to Madran – the beauty of travelling virtually)
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All along the coast of northern New Brunswick, people are proud to display their flags. As I ‘cycle’ along the road I see three flag designs …
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The red and white Canadian flag with its maple leaf …
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the New Brunswick flag (based on the province’s Coat of Arms and depicting a red lion and a ship) …

the yellow, red and blue New Brunswick flag showing the ship from the Coat of Arms (image from Street View)
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and the Acadian flag …
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The Acadians are the descendants of French colonists of the 17th century who settled in Acadia (the Maritime Provinces, parts of Quebec and Maine). Today, over 1/3 of New Brunswickers are Acadian and New Brunswick is officially bilingual (French and English).
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The Acadian flag represents Acadians all over the world. The flag is blue, white and red, like the flag of France. On the blue field is a gold star, the Stella Maris (Star of the Sea). The star represents the Virgin Mary, patron saint of the Acadians.
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Along the north shore of New Brunswick, the colours of the Acadian flag are represented on various objects, including telephone poles in some communities …
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on lobster traps …
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and on rocks …
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The Acadian flag and its representations remind me how proud I am to live in a province that includes the rich culture and history of the Acadian people.
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Copyright 2014 Jane Tims
harvesting colour – gathering more materials
As I get ready for my first experiences with dyeing, I have thought about the materials I will be using. I don’t want to get too complicated and sabotage my real aim, the poetry I will write. I will try to keep it simple and generate lots of fuel for my writing.
Textile fibre: As I explained in my previous post on ‘harvesting colour’, I will use both plant (three old cotton shirts) and animal fibres (unspun wool and silk fabric).
Source water: I will be using our well water – slightly acidic and high in several minerals. Our water is so acid, it reacts with the copper piping in our house to stain all the drains in our house a copper sulphate blue. I know that the acidity of the source water influences the colour outcome. For some of the plant dyes I will use (for example madder), I will want to adjust the water acidity to get a full range of possible colours.
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Utensils: Last fall I bought myself a large stainless steel pot for my dyeing projects since I know it is important to keep my dying utensils separate from our cookware. I also have my Mother-in-law’s copper teapot if I want to add some ‘copper kettle’ to my dye projects (copper is a mordant, an addition that helps keep textiles colourfast).
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my mother-in-law’s copper kettle – since my husband doubts it is solid copper, I may have to add some copper pennies to get the mordant effect of copper
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Plant material: Even in winter, I have access to many plant materials for dying. I have various flower petals and other plant material from my various botanizing adventures. The drying line in my kitchen has a bouquet of tansy gathered last fall and a net bag of onion peelings I have collected since Christmas. I have acorns collected last fall and, outside, access to the bark of various trees, including birch (I am anxious to try this since I understand birch bark can dye in hues of red). In my freezer, I have frozen berries, including a tub of red currents picked by my Mom over ten years ago – I plan to use her berries to dye material for my weaving, after I have gained a little experience. As for in-season plants, I know my husband is looking forward to being dragged all over the countryside in search of various kinds of plants (he was a very helpful participant in my ‘growing and gathering’ project.
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For next Friday’s ‘harvesting colour’ post, I’ll talk a little about mordants and colour modifiers and I think I’ll post my first poem in the series!
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Copyright 2014 Jane Tims
yet another Cornwall gate
As you may have seen on my ‘accomplishments’ page, I have sold the painting ‘rainbow gate in Falmouth’. It was on display as part of an art auction at Isaac’s Way Restaurant in Fredericton.
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The art at auction at Isaac’s Way helps local children’s charities, in this case providing opportunities for summer theatre. Once I have sold a painting, I can replace the painting with another and now ‘gate in Ponsanooth’ is up for auction! You can see the painting at https://nichepoetryandprose.wordpress.com/2014/01/24/another-cornwall-gate/ .
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I am continuing to paint in my Cornwall gates series. This past weekend, I painted another gate from Ponsanooth entitled ‘enter’. Gates are meaningful to me, as metaphors for change and as representative of possibility. And the various building materials, stone, cement, wood and metal, are very enjoyable to paint …
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Copyright 2014 Jane Tims
harvesting colour – onion skins in a pickle jar
According to India Flint (Eco Colour: Botanical Dyes for Beautiful Textiles, Interweave Press, 2010) the principal ingredient in any natural dyeing project is time (and patience). Now, while I am still getting organized, I have decided to begin with a simple project that can take all the time it needs.
I have chosen a cotton shirt for this project. I wore it for a couple of years and loved its iridescent buttons, rows of ruffles and embroidered details. Then it became stained and I put it away.
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Today, I scattered the onion skins I have saved across its surface – some from Yellow Onions and some from Red Onions. As I worked, I sprayed apple cider vinegar to wet the fabric. Then I rolled it up tightly and poked it into a big pickle jar. For at least a month, I will leave the jar to sit on my window sill and cook in the sun. If it starts to grow mold, I am going to stuff it in the freezer. The biggest challenge was getting all that material to fit in the jar!
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If you hear of a smelly house for sale in rural New Brunswick, you will know something went terribly wrong. I will show you the results, as well as the poem this generates, in about a month’s time …
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Copyright 2014 Jane Tims
islands and gorges (day 13 and 14)
My virtual bike ride continues with a ride from Blackland to Belledune …
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8-13 February 5, 2014 20 minutes 3.0 km (Blackland to Sea Side)
8-14 February 8, 2014 35 minutes 7.0 km (Sea Side to west of Belledune)
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As I have said, I have often visited the area I am ‘biking’ through as part of my past work. In the 1970s and 1980s, we visited many sites in the area to measure the levels of air pollutants in local lichens. We collected lichens of the genus Cladina (reindeer lichens) since they absorb all of their nutrition from the air and air pollutants accumulate in their tissues …
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One of our sampling locations was Heron Island, an island 3.5 km long, lying just off the coast …
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I have been on the island several times … it was a good place to collect lichens since there are not many local emissions to contaminate the sample (no cars, dusty roads, and so on).
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The island is a landscape of low-lying salt marsh and beach as well as forested and grown-over old-field areas. On the boat on the way to the island, I remember watching scallop fishermen working on their barges in the shallow waters. Although people have lived on the island as recently as 1940, the island is now protected and co-managed by the provincial government and First Nations peoples who have traditionally used the island as a summer residence.
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Today’s painting is of a rather stormy day along the bay shore just east of Heron Island …
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Also in the area where I was ‘biking’ is the very hilly landscape of the Jacquet River. The high elevation plateau has been deeply eroded by the Jacquet River – the river and its tributaries flow through deep gorges. The 26,000 hectare ‘Jacquet River Gorge’ is one of New Brunswick’s Protected Natural Areas. Reaching the locations of our lichen collections took us deep into the area and I remember how steep the hills (and the roads) were as we went to our collection sites.
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Copyright 2014 Jane Tims
harvesting colour – the formula for colour
My first effort towards my project is to understand what materials I will need. From my early reading, I have learned the end colour for any project using natural dyes is much more than just adding plant material to water. A final colour is the result of so many factors.
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My simple formula for this complex symphony is:
final colour = source water + utensils + plant material (dyestuff) + mordent + colour modifier + textile fibre
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No doubt, I will discover I have omitted some important element.
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In my next posts, I will consider each of these elements and talk about the specific items I intend to use.
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For example, I will need some textile fibre to dye. My intention is to dye small amounts of material for use in various weaving projects. In my weaving, I use both thread and strips of textiles.
At this early stage, I have three materials I want to dye. I have a small quantity of unspun fleece obtained a couple of years ago during our trip to Upper Canada Village in Ontario. I also have three old cotton shirts – I loved to wear these before they became stained – perhaps I will wear them again, repurposed in rainbow colour! And I have just purchased a meter of white silk (at $37 per meter, it is a splurge!). I will have to do some preparatory cleaning to each of these materials before I use them in my dyeing projects.
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some materials for dyeing … a meter of silk, three shirts, and a bundle of unspun wool … the shirts have already seen their share of accidental dyeing !!!
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Behind the scenes, I am finding poetic inspiration as I learn this craft of dyeing. Eventually I will be brave enough to show my poems to you.
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Copyright 2014 Jane Tims







































